The Raine Study
Synopsis
The Raine Study (previously known as the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study) was established in 1989-1991 with the inclusion of 2900 pregnant women. There were 2868 live births and these children formed the original cohort (Generation 2) of the Raine Study. The initial focus of the Raine Study was around the developmental origins of health and disease, but the focus has since evolved towards a life-course framework approach taking into account interacting domains of genetics, phenotypes (cardiometabolic, respiratory, immunological, hormonal, musculoskeletal, psychological, vision and hearing, body composition and growth), behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, diet, drug use, risk taking), the environment (sunlight, chemical exposures, spatial environment) and other developmental outcomes (education, work).
The original cohort of 2868 children (Generation 2), is one of the largest, most successful prospective cohorts of pregnancy, childhood, adolescence and now adulthood to be carried out anywhere in the world. This cohort has provided environmental, developmental and health information over the past 27 years providing a unique and valuable resource covering a wide range of health areas. Follow-up assessments of the cohort have been conducted at birth, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 18, 20, 22, 27 and 28 years of age by a collaborative team of researchers from many universities and organisations.
The Raine Study is now a multigenerational life-course study addressing a broad range of health and developmental issues in three generations. In addition to the original cohort (Generation 2), their parents (Generation 1) participated in assessments, providing information about their children and about themselves. Generation 1 is currently participating in assessments of sleep, obesity and activity. In addition, planning is underway to recruit the offspring (Generation 3) of the original cohort (Generation 2) into the study.
Summary
Study name | The Raine Study |
Study abbreviation | The Raine Study |
Current principal investigator/s |
Prof Romola Bucks, Director; A/Prof Rebecca Glauert, Scientific Director |
Current project manager | Aggie Bouckley, Operations Manager |
Cohort representative (study contact) | Blagica Penova-Veselinovic, Scientific Manager |
Postal address | The Raine Study, The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health | M410 | 14-16 Parkway, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 |
Phone | +61 8 6488 6952 |
Primary Institution | The University of Western Australia |
Collaborating Institution/s | The University of Western Australia (the centre agent), Curtin University, Edith Cowan University, Murdoch University, the University of Notre Dame, Telethon Kids Institute, the Women and Infants Research Foundation, and Flinders University. |
Major funding sources |
University of Western Australia, Curtin University, The Telethon Kids Institute, Raine Medical Research Foundation, UWA Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Women and Infants Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Murdoch University and University of Notre Dame. |
Study website | rainestudy.org.au |
Key reference |
Dontje M, Eastwood P, Straker L. Cohort Profile: Western Australian pregnancy cohort (Raine) Study: Generation 1. Epidemology, 2019. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026276 Straker L, Mountain J, Jacques A, White S, Smith A, Landau L, Stanley F, Newnham J, Pennell C, Eastwood P. Cohort Profile: The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study-Generation 2. Int J Epidemiology, 2017. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw308 Straker LM, Hall GL, Mountain J, Howie EK, White E, McArdle N, Eastwood PR Cohort Profile: Rationale, design and methods for the 22 year follow-up of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. BMC Public Health, 2015. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1944-6 |
Are data available outside study team? | Yes |
Study focus | The initial focus of the Raine Study was around the developmental origins of health and disease, but the focus has since evolved towards a life-course framework approach taking into account interacting domains of genetics, phenotypes (cardiometabolic, respiratory, immunological, hormonal, musculoskeletal, psychological, vision and hearing, body composition and growth), behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, diet, drug use, risk taking), the environment (sunlight, chemical exposures, spatial environment) and other developmental outcomes (education, work). |
Sampling frame | Live born children of women 18 weeks pregnant in Perth, Western Australia |
Year commenced | 1989 |
Commencement sample | Generation 2: 2868 |
Intergenerational? | Currently 3 generations are included: Generation 1: parents Generation 2: original cohort (kids) Generation 3: off-spring of original cohort |
Imaging |
Yes, DEXA, MRI, prenatal fetal ultrasound, liver ultrasound, testicular ultrasound, echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) resting blood vessel properties and Flow mediated Dilation (FMD) using ultrasound. 3-dimensional facial photographs, eye imaging (including visual acuity, orthoptic assessment and cycloplegic autorefraction, as well as several ocular biometric variables and multiple ophthalmic photographs of the anterior and posterior segments, conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence) |
Linkage | Yes, WA Data Linkage Unit |
Biosamples? | Yes, blood, DNA, urine, milk teeth and faecal samples |
Ethics approvals or requirements? | Ethical approval. |
Waves
Follow-ups
Follow-up | Year | Age (mean, range) | Eligible sample |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Children born between 1989 – 1991 | 18 weeks gestational, birth | Livebirths 2868 |
2 | 1991–1993 | 1 year | Eligible 2819; Participated 2446 |
3 | 1991-1994 | 2 year | Eligible 2787; Participated 1988 |
4 | 1993-1995 | 3 years | Eligible 2757; Participated 2280 |
5 | 1995-1998 | 5 year | Eligible 2711; Participated 2236 |
6 | 1998-2000 | 8 year | Eligible 2490; Participated 2140 |
7 | 2000-2003 | 10 year | Eligible 2490; Participated 2048 |
8 | 2003-2006 | 14 year | Eligible 2424; Participated 1864 |
9 | 2006-2009 | 17 year | Eligible 2532; Participated 1726 |
10 | 2010-2012 | 20 year | Eligible 2313; Participated 1462 |
11 | 2012-2014 | 22 year | Eligible 2262; Participated 1462 |
12 | 2016-2016 | 26 year (sub-study) | Eligible 1377; Participated 474 |
13 | 2016-2018 | 27 year | Eligible 2013; Participated 1080 |
14 | 2018-2020 | 28 year | Eligible 2013; Participated 868 |
15 | 2021-2022 | 28 year Heart function (sub study) | Eligible 602; Participated 511 |
16 | 2023-2026 | 33 year (in progress) | Eligible XX; Participated XX |