
Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study
Synopsis
The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study was established in 1989-1991 with the inclusion of 2900 pregnant women. There were 2868 live births and these children formed the original cohort (Generation 2) of the Raine Study. The initial focus of the Raine Study was around the developmental origins of health and disease, but the focus has since evolved towards a life-course framework approach taking into account interacting domains of genetics, phenotypes (cardiometabolic, respiratory, immunological, hormonal, musculoskeletal, psychological, vision and hearing, body composition and growth), behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, diet, drug use, risk taking), the environment (sunlight, chemical exposures, spatial environment) and other developmental outcomes (education, work).
The original cohort of 2868 children (Generation 2), is one of the largest, most successful prospective cohorts of pregnancy, childhood, adolescence and now adulthood to be carried out anywhere in the world. This cohort has provided environmental, developmental and health information over the past 27 years providing a unique and valuable resource covering a wide range of health areas. Follow-up assessments of the cohort have been conducted at birth, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 18, 20, 22 and 27 years of age by a collaborative team of researchers from many universities and organisations.
The Raine Study is now a multigenerational life-course study addressing a broad range of health and developmental issues in three generations. In addition to the original cohort (Generation 2), their parents (Generation 1) participated in assessments, providing information about their children and about themselves. Generation 1 is currently participating in assessments of sleep, obesity and activity. In addition, the offspring (Generation 3) of the original cohort (Generation 2) is currently participating in assessments of developmental ability and physical activity.
Summary
Study name | The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study |
Study abbreviation | Raine Study |
Current principal investigator/s | Professor Peter Eastwood, Raine Foundation Director; Professor Leon Straker, Raine Foundation Scientific Director |
Current project manager | Aggie Bouckley, Operations Manager |
Cohort representative (study contact) | Dr Manon Dontje, Scientific Officer |
Postal address | The Raine Study, The University of Western Australia, School of Population Health | M410 | 14-16 Parkway, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 |
Phone | +61 8 6488 6958 |
raineadmin-sph@uwa.edu.au | |
Primary Institution | The University of Western Australia |
Collaborating Institution/s | Curtin University, Telethon Kids Institute, Women and Infants Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Murdoch University, University of Notre Dame Australia, Raine Medical Research Foundation |
Major funding sources | Raine Medical Research Foundation, NHMRC, ARC |
Study website | www.rainestudy.org.au |
Key reference | Straker, Mountain, Jacques, White, Smith, Landau, Stanley, Newnham, Pennell, Eastwood. Cohort profile: The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study – Generation 2. Int J Epidemiol. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw308 Straker, Hall, Mountain, Howie, White, McArdle, Eastwood, Raine Study 22 Year Follow-Up Investigator Group. Rationale, design and methods for the 22 year follow-up of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. BMC Public Health. 2015 Jul 14;15:663. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1944-6. |
Are data available outside study team? | Yes |
Study focus | The initial focus of the Raine Study was around the developmental origins of health and disease, but the focus has since evolved towards a life-course framework approach taking into account interacting domains of genetics, phenotypes (cardiometabolic, respiratory, immunological, hormonal, musculoskeletal, psychological, vision and hearing, body composition and growth), behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, diet, drug use, risk taking), the environment (sunlight, chemical exposures, spatial environment) and other developmental outcomes (education, work). |
Sampling frame | Live born children of women 18 weeks pregnant in Perth, Western Australia |
Year commenced | 1989 |
Commencement sample | Generation 2: 2868 |
Intergenerational? | Currently 3 generations are included: Generation 1: parents Generation 2: original cohort (kids) Generation 3: off-spring of original cohort |
Imaging | Yes, DEXA, MRI, prenatal fetal ultrasound, liver ultrasound, testicular ultrasound, 3-dimensional facial photographs, eye imaging (including visual acuity, orthoptic assessment and cycloplegic autorefraction, as well as several ocular biometric variables and multiple ophthalmic photographs of the anterior and posterior segments, conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence) |
Linkage | Yes, WA Data Linkage Unit |
Biosamples? | Yes, blood, DNA, urine, milk teeth |
Ethics approvals or requirements? | Ethical approval. |
Waves
Wave | Year | Age (mean, range) | Eligible sample |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Children born between 1989 – 1991 | 18 weeks gestational, birth | Livebirths 2868 |
2 | 1991–1993 | 1 year | Eligible 2819; Participated 2446 |
3 | 1991-1994 | 2 year | Eligible 2787; Participated 1988 |
4 | 1993-1995 | 3 years | Eligible 2757; Participated 2280 |
5 | 1995-1998 | 5 year | Eligible 2711; Participated 2236 |
6 | 1998-2000 | 8 year | Eligible 2490; Participated 2140 |
7 | 2000-2003 | 10 year | Eligible 2490; Participated 2048 |
8 | 2003-2006 | 14 year | Eligible 2424; Participated 1864 |
9 | 2006-2009 | 17 year | Eligible 2532; Participated 1726 |
10 | 2010-2012 | 20 year | Eligible 2313; Participated 1462 |
11 | 2012-2014 | 22 year | Eligible 2262; Participated 1462 |
12 | 2016-2016 | 26 year (sub-study) | Eligible 1377; Participated 474 |
13 | 2016-2018 | 27 year (in progress) | Eligible 2013; Participated (in progress) |